The human spirit is a great thing when applied in a good way, and often difficult to alter if the spirit is determined enough.
I've found that people who have pressed the self-destruct button - be they drug addicts or alocoholics or recidivist criminals - will only alter their ways when they themselves have taken stock of their lives and the effect their behaviour has had and is having on themselves and others. Unfortunately no amount of talking or counselling will work for some, so punishment is the only other option. Loss of liberty IS an effective punishment but must be allowed to have the necessary effect. The person must be left alone to determine for themselves that what they have been doing is wrong.
Today there are far too many agencies within our society that weaken the will of the human spirit rather than strengthening it. They offer emotional crutches and cotton-wool landing pads instead of allowing people to fall flat on their face with a big bump when it's required.
Agencies who's ideologies have usurped our cultural remedies for dealing with problems such as anti-social behaviour and criminality. Pseudo-scientists putting a scientific spin on what they have hijacked and promoting themselves as the experts to cure all ills.
They are to blame for a great deal of what's gone wrong in our society over the past 40 years or so.